In Persia, from the 12th to the 14th centuries (Seljuk period), the city of Kashan, south of Teheran, became the most important center for tile production. Here, tiles were made in star shapes, with stunning gold lusters and cobalt blues, and with finely drawn paintings of animals or warriors on horseback, as well as in large rectangles with remarkable calligraphy. In Europe, tile production didn’t start in earnest until late 15th century in central Italy, greatly influenced by both eastern (Ottomans) and western (Moors) Muslims. Tile studios quickly expanded to the northern and western edges of Europe, particularly Holland, Spain and Portugal.